#, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: man-pages-l10n VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2014-07-17 17:57+0900\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: TH #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:24 #, no-wrap msgid "STANDARDS" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:24 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-01-15" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:24 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:24 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:25 #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:27 msgid "standards - C and UNIX Standards" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:27 #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:31 msgid "" "The CONFORMING TO section that appears in many manual pages identifies " "various standards to which the documented interface conforms. The following " "list briefly describes these standards." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:31 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:37 msgid "" "Version 7 (also known as Seventh Edition) UNIX, released by AT&T/Bell Labs " "in 1979. After this point, UNIX systems diverged into two main dialects: " "BSD and System V." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:37 #, no-wrap msgid "B<4.2BSD>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:46 msgid "" "This is an implementation standard defined by the 4.2 release of the " "I, released by the University of California " "at Berkeley. This was the first Berkeley release that contained a TCP/IP " "stack and the sockets API. 4.2BSD was released in 1983." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:55 msgid "" "Earlier major BSD releases included I<3BSD> (1980), I<4BSD> (1980), and I<4." "1BSD> (1981)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:55 #, no-wrap msgid "B<4.3BSD>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:58 msgid "The successor to 4.2BSD, released in 1986." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:58 #, no-wrap msgid "B<4.4BSD>" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:62 msgid "" "The successor to 4.3BSD, released in 1993. This was the last major Berkeley " "release." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:62 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:69 msgid "" "This is an implementation standard defined by AT&T's milestone 1983 release " "of its commercial System V (five) release. The previous major AT&T release " "was I, released in 1981." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:69 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:76 msgid "" "This was the next System V release, made in 1985. The SVr2 was formally " "described in the I (I) " "published in 1985." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:76 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:82 msgid "" "This was the successor to SVr2, released in 1986. This release was formally " "described in the I (I)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:82 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:92 msgid "" "This was the successor to SVr3, released in 1989. This version of System V " "is described in the \"Programmer's Reference Manual: Operating System API " "(Intel processors)\" (Prentice-Hall 1992, ISBN 0-13-951294-2) This release " "was formally described in the I " "(I), and is considered the definitive System V release." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:92 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:98 msgid "" "System V Interface Definition version 4, issued in 1995. Available online " "at E<.UR http://www.sco.com\\:/developers\\:/devspecs/> E<.UE .>" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:98 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:112 msgid "" "This was the first C language standard, ratified by ANSI (American National " "Standards Institute) in 1989 (I). Sometimes this is known as " "I, but since C99 is also an ANSI standard, this term is ambiguous. " "This standard was also ratified by ISO (International Standards " "Organization) in 1990 (I), and is thus occasionally " "referred to as I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:112 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:119 msgid "" "This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 1999 (I). Available online at E<.UR http://www.open-std.org\\:/" "jtc1\\:/sc22\\:/wg14\\:/www\\:/standards> E<.UE .>" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:119 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:123 msgid "" "This revision of the C language standard was ratified by ISO in 2011 (I)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:123 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:129 msgid "" "\"Portable Operating System Interface for Computing Environments\". IEEE " "1003.1-1990 part 1, ratified by ISO in 1990 (I). The " "term \"POSIX\" was coined by Richard Stallman." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:129 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:134 msgid "" "IEEE Std 1003.2-1992, describing commands and utilities, ratified by ISO in " "1993 (I)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:134 #, no-wrap msgid "B (formerly known as I)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:140 msgid "" "IEEE Std 1003.1b-1993, describing real-time facilities for portable " "operating systems, ratified by ISO in 1996 (I)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:140 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:143 msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1c-1995, which describes the POSIX threads interfaces." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:143 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:146 msgid "" "IEEE Std 1003.1c-1999, which describes additional real-time extensions." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:146 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:149 msgid "" "IEEE Std 1003.1g-2000, which describes networking APIs (including sockets)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:149 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:152 msgid "IEEE Std 1003.1j-2000, which describes advanced real-time extensions." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:152 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:155 msgid "A 1996 revision of POSIX.1 which incorporated POSIX.1b and POSIX.1c." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:155 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:162 msgid "" "Released in 1989, this was the first significant release of the I, produced by the X/Open Company, a multivendor consortium." " This multivolume guide was based on the POSIX standards." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:162 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:165 msgid "A revision of the X/Open Portability Guide, released in 1992." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:165 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:172 msgid "" "A 1994 revision of XPG4. This is also referred to as I, where " "1170 referred to the number of interfaces defined by this standard." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:172 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:180 msgid "" "Single UNIX Specification. This was a repackaging of XPG4v2 and other X/" "Open standards (X/Open Curses Issue 4 version 2, X/Open Networking Service " "(XNS) Issue 4). Systems conforming to this standard can be branded I." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:180 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:191 msgid "" "Single UNIX Specification version 2. Sometimes also referred to as I. " " This standard appeared in 1997. Systems conforming to this standard can be " "branded I. See also E<.UR http://www.UNIX-systems.org\\:/version2/" "> E<.UE .)>" msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:191 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:203 msgid "" "This was a 2001 revision and consolidation of the POSIX.1, POSIX.2, and SUS " "standards into a single document, conducted under the auspices of the Austin " "group E<.UR http://www.opengroup.org\\:/austin/> E<.UE .> The standard is " "available online at E<.UR http://www.unix-systems.org\\:/version3/> E<.UE ,> " "and the interfaces that it describes are also available in the Linux manual " "pages package under sections 1p and 3p (e.g., \"man 3p open\")." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:216 msgid "" "The standard defines two levels of conformance: I, which " "is a baseline set of interfaces required of a conforming system; and I, which additionally mandates a set of interfaces (the \"XSI " "extension\") which are only optional for POSIX conformance. XSI-conformant " "systems can be branded I. (XSI conformance constitutes the " "I (I).)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:218 msgid "The POSIX.1-2001 document is broken into four parts:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:221 msgid "B: Definitions, terms and concepts, header file specifications." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:225 msgid "" "B: Specifications of functions (i.e., system calls and library " "functions in actual implementations)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:229 msgid "" "B: Specifications of commands and utilities (i.e., the area formerly " "described by POSIX.2)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:232 msgid "B: Informative text on the other parts of the standard." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:236 msgid "" "POSIX.1-2001 is aligned with C99, so that all of the library functions " "standardized in C99 are also standardized in POSIX.1-2001." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:243 msgid "" "Two Technical Corrigenda (minor fixes and improvements) of the original " "2001 standard have occurred: TC1 in 2003 (referred to as I), " "and TC2 in 2004 (referred to as I)." msgstr "" #. type: TP #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:243 #, no-wrap msgid "B" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:247 msgid "" "Work on the next revision of POSIX.1/SUS was completed and ratified in 2008." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:256 msgid "" "The changes in this revision are not as large as those that occurred for " "POSIX.1-2001/SUSv3, but a number of new interfaces are added and various " "details of existing specifications are modified. Many of the interfaces " "that were optional in POSIX.1-2001 become mandatory in the 2008 revision of " "the standard. A few interfaces that are present in POSIX.1-2001 are marked " "as obsolete in POSIX.1-2008, or removed from the standard altogether." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:264 msgid "" "The revised standard is broken into the same four parts as POSIX.1-2001, and " "again there are two levels of conformance: the baseline I, and I, which mandates an additional set of " "interfaces beyond those in the base specification." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:268 msgid "" "In general, where the CONFORMING TO section of a manual page lists POSIX.1-" "2001, it can be assumed that the interface also conforms to POSIX.1-2008, " "unless otherwise noted." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:273 msgid "" "Technical Corrigendum 1 (minor fixes and improvements) of this standard was " "released in 2013 (referred to as I)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:277 msgid "" "Further information can be found on the Austin group web site, E<.UR http://" "www.opengroup.org\\:/austin/> E<.UE .>" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:277 #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:281 msgid "B(7), B(7), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:281 #, no-wrap msgid "COLOPHON" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/standards.7:289 msgid "" "This page is part of release 3.70 of the Linux I project. A " "description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest " "version of this page, can be found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/" "." msgstr ""