#, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: man-pages-l10n VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2014-07-17 17:57+0900\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: TH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:27 #, no-wrap msgid "CREDENTIALS" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:27 #, no-wrap msgid "2014-05-21" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:27 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux" msgstr "" #. type: TH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:27 #, no-wrap msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:28 #, no-wrap msgid "NAME" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:30 msgid "credentials - process identifiers" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:30 #, no-wrap msgid "DESCRIPTION" msgstr "" #. type: SS #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:31 #, no-wrap msgid "Process ID (PID)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:41 msgid "" "Each process has a unique nonnegative integer identifier that is assigned " "when the process is created using B(2). A process can obtain its PID " "using B(2). A PID is represented using the type I (defined " "in Isys/types.hE>)." msgstr "" #. .BR sched_rr_get_interval (2), #. .BR sched_getaffinity (2), #. .BR sched_setaffinity (2), #. .BR sched_getparam (2), #. .BR sched_setparam (2), #. .BR sched_setscheduler (2), #. .BR sched_getscheduler (2), #. .BR getsid (2), #. .BR waitid (2), #. .BR wait4 (2), #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:62 msgid "" "PIDs are used in a range of system calls to identify the process affected by " "the call, for example: B(2), B(2), B(2) " "B(2), B(2), B(3), and B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:65 msgid "A process's PID is preserved across an B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:65 #, no-wrap msgid "Parent process ID (PPID)" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:73 msgid "" "A process's parent process ID identifies the process that created this " "process using B(2). A process can obtain its PPID using B(2)." " A PPID is represented using the type I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:76 msgid "A process's PPID is preserved across an B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:76 #, no-wrap msgid "Process group ID and session ID" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:84 msgid "" "Each process has a session ID and a process group ID, both represented using " "the type I. A process can obtain its session ID using B(2), " "and its process group ID using B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:90 msgid "" "A child created by B(2) inherits its parent's session ID and process " "group ID. A process's session ID and process group ID are preserved across " "an B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:103 msgid "" "Sessions and process groups are abstractions devised to support shell job " "control. A process group (sometimes called a \"job\") is a collection of " "processes that share the same process group ID; the shell creates a new " "process group for the process(es) used to execute single command or pipeline " "(e.g., the two processes created to execute the command \"ls\\ |\\ wc\" are " "placed in the same process group). A process's group membership can be set " "using B(2). The process whose process ID is the same as its " "process group ID is the I for that group." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:115 msgid "" "A session is a collection of processes that share the same session ID. All " "of the members of a process group also have the same session ID (i.e., all " "of the members of a process group always belong to the same session, so that " "sessions and process groups form a strict two-level hierarchy of processes.) " " A new session is created when a process calls B(2), which creates a " "new session whose session ID is the same as the PID of the process that " "called B(2). The creator of the session is called the I." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:124 msgid "" "All of the processes in a session share a I. The " "controlling terminal is established when the session leader first opens a " "terminal (unless the B flag is specified when calling B(2)). " " A terminal may be the controlling terminal of at most one session." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:146 msgid "" "At most one of the jobs in a session may be the I; other " "jobs in the session are I. Only the foreground job may " "read from the terminal; when a process in the background attempts to read " "from the terminal, its process group is sent a B signal, which " "suspends the job. If the B flag has been set for the terminal (see " "B(3)), then only the foreground job may write to the terminal; " "writes from background job cause a B signal to be generated, which " "suspends the job. When terminal keys that generate a signal (such as the " "I key, normally control-C) are pressed, the signal is sent to " "the processes in the foreground job." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:167 msgid "" "Various system calls and library functions may operate on all members of a " "process group, including B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), and " "B(2). See also the discussion of the B, B, " "B, and B operations in B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: SS #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:167 #, no-wrap msgid "User and group identifiers" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:175 msgid "" "Each process has various associated user and groups IDs. These IDs are " "integers, respectively represented using the types I and I " "(defined in Isys/types.hE>)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:177 msgid "On Linux, each process has the following user and group identifiers:" msgstr "" #. type: IP #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:177 man-pages/man7/credentials.7:183 man-pages/man7/credentials.7:195 man-pages/man7/credentials.7:217 man-pages/man7/credentials.7:234 man-pages/man7/credentials.7:266 man-pages/man7/credentials.7:269 man-pages/man7/credentials.7:280 man-pages/man7/credentials.7:283 #, no-wrap msgid "*" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:183 msgid "" "Real user ID and real group ID. These IDs determine who owns the process. " "A process can obtain its real user (group) ID using B(2) " "(B(2))." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:195 msgid "" "Effective user ID and effective group ID. These IDs are used by the kernel " "to determine the permissions that the process will have when accessing " "shared resources such as message queues, shared memory, and semaphores. On " "most UNIX systems, these IDs also determine the permissions when accessing " "files. However, Linux uses the filesystem IDs described below for this task." " A process can obtain its effective user (group) ID using B(2) " "(B(2))." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:217 msgid "" "Saved set-user-ID and saved set-group-ID. These IDs are used in set-user-ID " "and set-group-ID programs to save a copy of the corresponding effective IDs " "that were set when the program was executed (see B(2)). A set-user-" "ID program can assume and drop privileges by switching its effective user ID " "back and forth between the values in its real user ID and saved set-user-ID. " " This switching is done via calls to B(2), B(2), or " "B(2). A set-group-ID program performs the analogous tasks using " "B(2), B(2), or B(2). A process can obtain its " "saved set-user-ID (set-group-ID) using B(2) (B(2))." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:234 msgid "" "Filesystem user ID and filesystem group ID (Linux-specific). These IDs, in " "conjunction with the supplementary group IDs described below, are used to " "determine permissions for accessing files; see B(7) for " "details. Whenever a process's effective user (group) ID is changed, the " "kernel also automatically changes the filesystem user (group) ID to the same " "value. Consequently, the filesystem IDs normally have the same values as " "the corresponding effective ID, and the semantics for file-permission checks " "are thus the same on Linux as on other UNIX systems. The filesystem IDs can " "be made to differ from the effective IDs by calling B(2) and " "B(2)." msgstr "" #. Since kernel 2.6.4, the limit is visible via the read-only file #. /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max. #. As at 2.6.22-rc2, this file is still read-only. #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:253 msgid "" "Supplementary group IDs. This is a set of additional group IDs that are " "used for permission checks when accessing files and other shared resources. " "On Linux kernels before 2.6.4, a process can be a member of up to 32 " "supplementary groups; since kernel 2.6.4, a process can be a member of up to " "65536 supplementary groups. The call I can be " "used to determine the number of supplementary groups of which a process may " "be a member. A process can obtain its set of supplementary group IDs using " "B(2), and can modify the set using B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:263 msgid "" "A child process created by B(2) inherits copies of its parent's user " "and groups IDs. During an B(2), a process's real user and group ID " "and supplementary group IDs are preserved; the effective and saved set IDs " "may be changed, as described in B(2)." msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:266 msgid "" "Aside from the purposes noted above, a process's user IDs are also employed " "in a number of other contexts:" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:269 msgid "when determining the permissions for sending signals (see B(2));" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:280 msgid "" "when determining the permissions for setting process-scheduling parameters " "(nice value, real time scheduling policy and priority, CPU affinity, I/O " "priority) using B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), and " "B(2);" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:283 msgid "when checking resource limits (see B(2));" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:287 msgid "" "when checking the limit on the number of inotify instances that the process " "may create (see B(7))." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:287 #, no-wrap msgid "CONFORMING TO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:293 msgid "" "Process IDs, parent process IDs, process group IDs, and session IDs are " "specified in POSIX.1-2001. The real, effective, and saved set user and " "groups IDs, and the supplementary group IDs, are specified in POSIX.1-2001. " "The filesystem user and group IDs are a Linux extension." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:293 #, no-wrap msgid "NOTES" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:304 msgid "" "The POSIX threads specification requires that credentials are shared by all " "of the threads in a process. However, at the kernel level, Linux maintains " "separate user and group credentials for each thread. The NPTL threading " "implementation does some work to ensure that any change to user or group " "credentials (e.g., calls to B(2), B(2)) is carried " "through to all of the POSIX threads in a process." msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:304 #, no-wrap msgid "SEE ALSO" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:336 msgid "" "B(1), B(1), B(1), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(2), B(2), B(2), B(2), " "B(3), B(3), B(3), B(3), " "B(7), B(7), B(7), B(7)" msgstr "" #. type: SH #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:336 #, no-wrap msgid "COLOPHON" msgstr "" #. type: Plain text #: man-pages/man7/credentials.7:344 msgid "" "This page is part of release 3.70 of the Linux I project. A " "description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest " "version of this page, can be found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/" "." msgstr ""