#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: man-pages-l10n VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-07-17 17:53+0900\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: TH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXECVE"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "2014-06-13"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:37
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux Programmer's Manual"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:38
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:40
msgid "execve - execute program"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:40
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:42
msgid "B<#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:44
msgid "B<int execve(const char *>I<filename>B<, char *const >I<argv>B<[], >"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:46
msgid "B< char *const >I<envp>B<[]);>"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:46
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:51
msgid ""
"B<execve>()  executes the program pointed to by I<filename>.  I<filename> "
"must be either a binary executable, or a script starting with a line of the "
"form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:55 man-pages/man2/execve.2:267
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#!> I<interpreter >[optional-arg]\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:59
msgid "For details of the latter case, see \"Interpreter scripts\" below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:68
msgid ""
"I<argv> is an array of argument strings passed to the new program.  By "
"convention, the first of these strings should contain the filename "
"associated with the file being executed.  I<envp> is an array of strings, "
"conventionally of the form B<key=value>, which are passed as environment to "
"the new program.  Both I<argv> and I<envp> must be terminated by a null "
"pointer.  The argument vector and environment can be accessed by the called "
"program's main function, when it is defined as:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:72
#, no-wrap
msgid "int main(int argc, char *argv[], char *envp[])\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:79
msgid ""
"B<execve>()  does not return on success, and the text, data, bss, and stack "
"of the calling process are overwritten by that of the program loaded."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:83
msgid ""
"If the current program is being ptraced, a B<SIGTRAP> is sent to it after a "
"successful B<execve>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:98
msgid ""
"If the set-user-ID bit is set on the program file pointed to by I<filename>, "
"and the underlying filesystem is not mounted I<nosuid> (the B<MS_NOSUID> "
"flag for B<mount>(2)), and the calling process is not being ptraced, then "
"the effective user ID of the calling process is changed to that of the owner "
"of the program file.  Similarly, when the set-group-ID bit of the program "
"file is set the effective group ID of the calling process is set to the "
"group of the program file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:103
msgid ""
"The effective user ID of the process is copied to the saved set-user-ID; "
"similarly, the effective group ID is copied to the saved set-group-ID.  This "
"copying takes place after any effective ID changes that occur because of the "
"set-user-ID and set-group-ID permission bits."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:111
msgid ""
"If the executable is an a.out dynamically linked binary executable "
"containing shared-library stubs, the Linux dynamic linker B<ld.so>(8)  is "
"called at the start of execution to bring needed shared libraries into "
"memory and link the executable with them."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:120
msgid ""
"If the executable is a dynamically linked ELF executable, the interpreter "
"named in the PT_INTERP segment is used to load the needed shared libraries.  "
"This interpreter is typically I</lib/ld-linux.so.2> for binaries linked with "
"glibc 2.  (For binaries linked with the old Linux libc5, the interpreter was "
"typically I</lib/ld-linux.so.1>.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:124
msgid ""
"All process attributes are preserved during an B<execve>(), except the "
"following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:124 man-pages/man2/execve.2:128 man-pages/man2/execve.2:131 man-pages/man2/execve.2:134 man-pages/man2/execve.2:137 man-pages/man2/execve.2:140 man-pages/man2/execve.2:143 man-pages/man2/execve.2:146 man-pages/man2/execve.2:149 man-pages/man2/execve.2:152 man-pages/man2/execve.2:156 man-pages/man2/execve.2:160 man-pages/man2/execve.2:169 man-pages/man2/execve.2:176 man-pages/man2/execve.2:181 man-pages/man2/execve.2:188 man-pages/man2/execve.2:195 man-pages/man2/execve.2:202 man-pages/man2/execve.2:209 man-pages/man2/execve.2:213 man-pages/man2/execve.2:216 man-pages/man2/execve.2:224 man-pages/man2/execve.2:228 man-pages/man2/execve.2:233
#, no-wrap
msgid "*"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:128
msgid ""
"The dispositions of any signals that are being caught are reset to the "
"default (B<signal>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:131
msgid "Any alternate signal stack is not preserved (B<sigaltstack>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:134
msgid "Memory mappings are not preserved (B<mmap>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:137
msgid "Attached System\\ V shared memory segments are detached (B<shmat>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:140
msgid "POSIX shared memory regions are unmapped (B<shm_open>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:143
msgid "Open POSIX message queue descriptors are closed (B<mq_overview>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:146
msgid "Any open POSIX named semaphores are closed (B<sem_overview>(7))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:149
msgid "POSIX timers are not preserved (B<timer_create>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:152
msgid "Any open directory streams are closed (B<opendir>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:156
msgid "Memory locks are not preserved (B<mlock>(2), B<mlockall>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:160
msgid "Exit handlers are not preserved (B<atexit>(3), B<on_exit>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:163
msgid ""
"The floating-point environment is reset to the default (see B<fenv>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:169
msgid ""
"The process attributes in the preceding list are all specified in POSIX.1-"
"2001.  The following Linux-specific process attributes are also not "
"preserved during an B<execve>():"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:176
msgid ""
"The B<prctl>(2)  B<PR_SET_DUMPABLE> flag is set, unless a set-user-ID or set-"
"group ID program is being executed, in which case it is cleared."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:181
msgid "The B<prctl>(2)  B<PR_SET_KEEPCAPS> flag is cleared."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:188
msgid ""
"(Since Linux 2.4.36 / 2.6.23)  If a set-user-ID or set-group-ID program is "
"being executed, then the parent death signal set by B<prctl>(2)  "
"B<PR_SET_PDEATHSIG> flag is cleared."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:195
msgid ""
"The process name, as set by B<prctl>(2)  B<PR_SET_NAME> (and displayed by "
"I<ps\\ -o comm>), is reset to the name of the new executable file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:202
msgid ""
"The B<SECBIT_KEEP_CAPS> I<securebits> flag is cleared.  See "
"B<capabilities>(7)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:207
msgid "The termination signal is reset to B<SIGCHLD> (see B<clone>(2))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:209
msgid "Note the following further points:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:213
msgid ""
"All threads other than the calling thread are destroyed during an "
"B<execve>().  Mutexes, condition variables, and other pthreads objects are "
"not preserved."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:216
msgid ""
"The equivalent of I<setlocale(LC_ALL, \"C\")> is executed at program start-"
"up."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:224
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 specifies that the dispositions of any signals that are ignored "
"or set to the default are left unchanged.  POSIX.1-2001 specifies one "
"exception: if B<SIGCHLD> is being ignored, then an implementation may leave "
"the disposition unchanged or reset it to the default; Linux does the former."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:228
msgid ""
"Any outstanding asynchronous I/O operations are canceled (B<aio_read>(3), "
"B<aio_write>(3))."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:233
msgid ""
"For the handling of capabilities during B<execve>(), see B<capabilities>(7)."
msgstr ""

#.  On Linux it appears that these file descriptors are
#.  always open after an execve(), and it looks like
#.  Solaris 8 and FreeBSD 6.1 are the same. -- mtk, 30 Apr 2007
#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:260
msgid ""
"By default, file descriptors remain open across an B<execve>().  File "
"descriptors that are marked close-on-exec are closed; see the description of "
"B<FD_CLOEXEC> in B<fcntl>(2).  (If a file descriptor is closed, this will "
"cause the release of all record locks obtained on the underlying file by "
"this process.  See B<fcntl>(2)  for details.)  POSIX.1-2001 says that if "
"file descriptors 0, 1, and 2 would otherwise be closed after a successful "
"B<execve>(), and the process would gain privilege because the set-user_ID or "
"set-group_ID permission bit was set on the executed file, then the system "
"may open an unspecified file for each of these file descriptors.  As a "
"general principle, no portable program, whether privileged or not, can "
"assume that these three file descriptors will remain closed across an "
"B<execve>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:260 man-pages/man2/execve.2:530
#, no-wrap
msgid "Interpreter scripts"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:263
msgid ""
"An interpreter script is a text file that has execute permission enabled and "
"whose first line is of the form:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:281
msgid ""
"The I<interpreter> must be a valid pathname for an executable which is not "
"itself a script.  If the I<filename> argument of B<execve>()  specifies an "
"interpreter script, then I<interpreter> will be invoked with the following "
"arguments:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:285
#, no-wrap
msgid "I<interpreter> [optional-arg] I<filename> arg...\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:296
msgid ""
"where I<arg...> is the series of words pointed to by the I<argv> argument of "
"B<execve>(), starting at I<argv>[1]."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:301
msgid ""
"For portable use, I<optional-arg> should either be absent, or be specified "
"as a single word (i.e., it should not contain white space); see NOTES below."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:301
#, no-wrap
msgid "Limits on size of arguments and environment"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:314
msgid ""
"Most UNIX implementations impose some limit on the total size of the command-"
"line argument (I<argv>)  and environment (I<envp>)  strings that may be "
"passed to a new program.  POSIX.1 allows an implementation to advertise this "
"limit using the B<ARG_MAX> constant (either defined in I<E<lt>limits.hE<gt>> "
"or available at run time using the call I<sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX)>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:321
msgid ""
"On Linux prior to kernel 2.6.23, the memory used to store the environment "
"and argument strings was limited to 32 pages (defined by the kernel constant "
"B<MAX_ARG_PAGES>).  On architectures with a 4-kB page size, this yields a "
"maximum size of 128 kB."
msgstr ""

#.  For some background on the changes to ARG_MAX in kernels 2.6.23 and
#.  2.6.25, see:
#.      http://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=5786
#.      http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=10095
#.      http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/646709/focus=648101,
#.      checked into 2.6.25 as commit a64e715fc74b1a7dcc5944f848acc38b2c4d4ee2.
#.  Ollie: That doesn't include the lists of pointers, though,
#.  so the actual usage is a bit higher (1 pointer per argument).
#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:357
msgid ""
"On kernel 2.6.23 and later, most architectures support a size limit derived "
"from the soft B<RLIMIT_STACK> resource limit (see B<getrlimit>(2))  that is "
"in force at the time of the B<execve>()  call.  (Architectures with no "
"memory management unit are excepted: they maintain the limit that was in "
"effect before kernel 2.6.23.)  This change allows programs to have a much "
"larger argument and/or environment list.  For these architectures, the total "
"size is limited to 1/4 of the allowed stack size.  (Imposing the 1/4-limit "
"ensures that the new program always has some stack space.)  Since Linux 2.6."
"25, the kernel places a floor of 32 pages on this size limit, so that, even "
"when B<RLIMIT_STACK> is set very low, applications are guaranteed to have at "
"least as much argument and environment space as was provided by Linux 2.6.23 "
"and earlier.  (This guarantee was not provided in Linux 2.6.23 and 2.6.24.)  "
"Additionally, the limit per string is 32 pages (the kernel constant "
"B<MAX_ARG_STRLEN>), and the maximum number of strings is 0x7FFFFFFF."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:357
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:363
msgid ""
"On success, B<execve>()  does not return, on error -1 is returned, and "
"I<errno> is set appropriately."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:363
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:364
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<E2BIG>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:371
msgid ""
"The total number of bytes in the environment (I<envp>)  and argument list "
"(I<argv>)  is too large."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:371 man-pages/man2/execve.2:378 man-pages/man2/execve.2:381 man-pages/man2/execve.2:384
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EACCES>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:378
msgid ""
"Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix of I<filename> "
"or the name of a script interpreter.  (See also B<path_resolution>(7).)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:381
msgid "The file or a script interpreter is not a regular file."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:384
msgid ""
"Execute permission is denied for the file or a script or ELF interpreter."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:388
msgid "The filesystem is mounted I<noexec>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:388
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EAGAIN> (since Linux 3.1)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 72fa59970f8698023045ab0713d66f3f4f96945c
#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:398
msgid ""
"Having changed its real UID using one of the B<set*uid>()  calls, the caller "
"was\\(emand is now still\\(emabove its B<RLIMIT_NPROC> resource limit (see "
"B<setrlimit>(2)).  For a more detailed explanation of this error, see NOTES."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:398
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EFAULT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:406
msgid ""
"I<filename> or one of the pointers in the vectors I<argv> or I<envp> points "
"outside your accessible address space."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:406
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:410
msgid ""
"An ELF executable had more than one PT_INTERP segment (i.e., tried to name "
"more than one interpreter)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:410
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EIO>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:413
msgid "An I/O error occurred."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:413
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EISDIR>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:416
msgid "An ELF interpreter was a directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:416
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ELIBBAD>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:419
msgid "An ELF interpreter was not in a recognized format."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:419
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ELOOP>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:424
msgid ""
"Too many symbolic links were encountered in resolving I<filename> or the "
"name of a script or ELF interpreter."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:424
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EMFILE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:427
msgid "The process has the maximum number of files open."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:427
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENAMETOOLONG>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:431
msgid "I<filename> is too long."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:431
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENFILE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:434
msgid "The system limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:434
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOENT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:440
msgid ""
"The file I<filename> or a script or ELF interpreter does not exist, or a "
"shared library needed for file or interpreter cannot be found."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:440
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOEXEC>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:445
msgid ""
"An executable is not in a recognized format, is for the wrong architecture, "
"or has some other format error that means it cannot be executed."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:445
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:448
msgid "Insufficient kernel memory was available."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:448
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOTDIR>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:453
msgid ""
"A component of the path prefix of I<filename> or a script or ELF interpreter "
"is not a directory."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:453 man-pages/man2/execve.2:459
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:459
msgid ""
"The filesystem is mounted I<nosuid>, the user is not the superuser, and the "
"file has the set-user-ID or set-group-ID bit set."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:463
msgid ""
"The process is being traced, the user is not the superuser and the file has "
"the set-user-ID or set-group-ID bit set."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:463
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ETXTBSY>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:466
msgid "Executable was open for writing by one or more processes."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:466
#, no-wrap
msgid "CONFORMING TO"
msgstr ""

#.  SVr4 documents additional error
#.  conditions EAGAIN, EINTR, ELIBACC, ENOLINK, EMULTIHOP; POSIX does not
#.  document ETXTBSY, EPERM, EFAULT, ELOOP, EIO, ENFILE, EMFILE, EINVAL,
#.  EISDIR or ELIBBAD error conditions.
#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:474
msgid ""
"SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.  POSIX.1-2001 does not document the #! behavior "
"but is otherwise compatible."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:474
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:477
msgid "Set-user-ID and set-group-ID processes can not be B<ptrace>(2)d."
msgstr ""

#.  e.g., EFAULT on Solaris 8 and FreeBSD 6.1; but
#.  HP-UX 11 is like Linux -- mtk, Apr 2007
#.  Bug filed 30 Apr 2007: http://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8408
#.  Bug rejected (because fix would constitute an ABI change).
#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:504
msgid ""
"The result of mounting a filesystem I<nosuid> varies across Linux kernel "
"versions: some will refuse execution of set-user-ID and set-group-ID "
"executables when this would give the user powers she did not have already "
"(and return B<EPERM>), some will just ignore the set-user-ID and set-group-"
"ID bits and B<exec>()  successfully.  On Linux, I<argv> and I<envp> can be "
"specified as NULL.  In both cases, this has the same effect as specifying "
"the argument as a pointer to a list containing a single null pointer.  B<Do "
"not take advantage of this misfeature!> It is nonstandard and nonportable: "
"on most other UNIX systems doing this will result in an error (B<EFAULT>)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:515
msgid ""
"POSIX.1-2001 says that values returned by B<sysconf>(3)  should be invariant "
"over the lifetime of a process.  However, since Linux 2.6.23, if the "
"B<RLIMIT_STACK> resource limit changes, then the value reported by "
"B<_SC_ARG_MAX> will also change, to reflect the fact that the limit on space "
"for holding command-line arguments and environment variables has changed."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:530
msgid ""
"In most cases where B<execve>()  fails, control returns to the original "
"executable image, and the caller of B<execve>()  can then handle the error.  "
"However, in (rare) cases (typically caused by resource exhaustion), failure "
"may occur past the point of no return: the original executable image has "
"been torn down, but the new image could not be completely built.  In such "
"cases, the kernel kills the process with a B<SIGKILL> signal."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:533
msgid ""
"A maximum line length of 127 characters is allowed for the first line in an "
"interpreter scripts."
msgstr ""

#.  e.g., Solaris 8
#.  e.g., FreeBSD before 6.0, but not FreeBSD 6.0 onward
#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:552
msgid ""
"The semantics of the I<optional-arg> argument of an interpreter script vary "
"across implementations.  On Linux, the entire string following the "
"I<interpreter> name is passed as a single argument to the interpreter, and "
"this string can include white space.  However, behavior differs on some "
"other systems.  Some systems use the first white space to terminate "
"I<optional-arg>.  On some systems, an interpreter script can have multiple "
"arguments, and white spaces in I<optional-arg> are used to delimit the "
"arguments."
msgstr ""

#.  .SH BUGS
#.  Some Linux versions have failed to check permissions on ELF
#.  interpreters.  This is a security hole, because it allows users to
#.  open any file, such as a rewinding tape device, for reading.  Some
#.  Linux versions have also had other security holes in
#.  .BR execve ()
#.  that could be exploited for denial of service by a suitably crafted
#.  ELF binary. There are no known problems with 2.0.34 or 2.2.15.
#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:563
msgid "Linux ignores the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits on scripts."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:563
#, no-wrap
msgid "execve() and EAGAIN"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:569
msgid ""
"A more detailed explanation of the B<EAGAIN> error that can occur (since "
"Linux 3.1) when calling B<execve>()  is as follows."
msgstr ""

#.  commit 909cc4ae86f3380152a18e2a3c44523893ee11c4
#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:591
msgid ""
"The B<EAGAIN> error can occur when a I<preceding> call to B<setuid>(2), "
"B<setreuid>(2), or B<setresuid>(2)  caused the real user ID of the process "
"to change, and that change caused the process to exceed its B<RLIMIT_NPROC> "
"resource limit (i.e., the number of processes belonging to the new real UID "
"exceeds the resource limit).  From Linux 2.6.0 to 3.0, this caused the "
"B<set*uid>()  call to fail.  (Prior to 2.6, the resource limit was not "
"imposed on processes that changed their user IDs.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:622
msgid ""
"Since Linux 3.1, the scenario just described no longer causes the "
"B<set*uid>()  call to fail, because it too often led to security holes where "
"buggy applications didn't check the return status and assumed that\\(emif "
"the caller had root privileges\\(emthe call would always succeed.  Instead, "
"the B<set*uid>()  calls now successfully change the real UID, but the kernel "
"sets an internal flag, named B<PF_NPROC_EXCEEDED>, to note that the "
"B<RLIMIT_NPROC> resource limit has been exceeded.  If the "
"B<PF_NPROC_EXCEEDED> flag is set and the resource limit is still exceeded at "
"the time of a subsequent B<execve>()  call, that call fails with the error "
"B<EAGAIN>.  This kernel logic ensures that the B<RLIMIT_NPROC> resource "
"limit is still enforced for the common privileged daemon "
"workflow\\(emnamely, B<fork>(2)  + B<set*uid>()  + B<execve>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:638
msgid ""
"If the resource limit was not still exceeded at the time of the B<execve>()  "
"call (because other processes belonging to this real UID terminated between "
"the B<set*uid()> call and the B<execve>()  call), then the B<execve>()  call "
"succeeds and the kernel clears the B<PF_NPROC_EXCEEDED> process flag.  The "
"flag is also cleared if a subsequent call to B<fork>(2)  by this process "
"succeeds."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:638
#, no-wrap
msgid "Historical"
msgstr ""

#.  .SH BUGS
#.  Some Linux versions have failed to check permissions on ELF
#.  interpreters.  This is a security hole, because it allows users to
#.  open any file, such as a rewinding tape device, for reading.  Some
#.  Linux versions have also had other security holes in
#.  .BR execve ()
#.  that could be exploited for denial of service by a suitably crafted
#.  ELF binary. There are no known problems with 2.0.34 or 2.2.15.
#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:658
msgid ""
"With UNIX\\ V6, the argument list of an B<exec>()  call was ended by 0, "
"while the argument list of I<main> was ended by -1.  Thus, this argument "
"list was not directly usable in a further B<exec>()  call.  Since UNIX\\ V7, "
"both are NULL."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:658
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:661
msgid ""
"The following program is designed to be execed by the second program below.  "
"It just echoes its command-line arguments, one per line."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:665
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* myecho.c */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:668
#, no-wrap
msgid "#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:673
#, no-wrap
msgid "int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int j;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:676
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    for (j = 0; j E<lt> argc; j++)\n"
"        printf(\"argv[%d]: %s\\en\", j, argv[j]);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:679
#, no-wrap
msgid "    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:684
msgid ""
"This program can be used to exec the program named in its command-line "
"argument:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:688
#, no-wrap
msgid "/* execve.c */\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:692
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:698
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    char *newargv[] = { NULL, \"hello\", \"world\", NULL };\n"
"    char *newenviron[] = { NULL };\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:703
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc != 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"Usage: %s E<lt>file-to-execE<gt>\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:705
#, no-wrap
msgid "    newargv[0] = argv[1];\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:710
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    execve(argv[1], newargv, newenviron);\n"
"    perror(\"execve\");   /* execve() only returns on error */\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:714
msgid "We can use the second program to exec the first as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:723
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< cc myecho.c -o myecho>\n"
"$B< cc execve.c -o execve>\n"
"$B< ./execve ./myecho>\n"
"argv[0]: ./myecho\n"
"argv[1]: hello\n"
"argv[2]: world\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:731
msgid ""
"We can also use these programs to demonstrate the use of a script "
"interpreter.  To do this we create a script whose \"interpreter\" is our "
"I<myecho> program:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:738
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< cat E<gt> script.sh>\n"
"B<#! ./myecho script-arg>\n"
"B<^D>\n"
"$B< chmod +x script.sh>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:742
msgid "We can then use our program to exec the script:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:751
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$B< ./execve ./script.sh>\n"
"argv[0]: ./myecho\n"
"argv[1]: script-arg\n"
"argv[2]: ./script.sh\n"
"argv[3]: hello\n"
"argv[4]: world\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:753
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:764
msgid ""
"B<chmod>(2), B<fork>(2), B<ptrace>(2), B<execl>(3), B<fexecve>(3), "
"B<getopt>(3), B<credentials>(7), B<environ>(7), B<path_resolution>(7), B<ld."
"so>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:764
#, no-wrap
msgid "COLOPHON"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: man-pages/man2/execve.2:772
msgid ""
"This page is part of release 3.70 of the Linux I<man-pages> project.  A "
"description of the project, information about reporting bugs, and the latest "
"version of this page, can be found at \\%http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/"
"."
msgstr ""