#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-12-08 14:45-0200\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. Put one translator per line, in the form NAME <EMAIL>, YEAR1, YEAR2
msgctxt "_"
msgid "translator-credits"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/title
#: article.translate.xml:4
msgid ""
"FreeBSD Quickstart Guide for <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</"
"trademark> Users"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: authorgroup/author
#: article.translate.xml:7
msgid ""
"<personname><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Ferrell</surname></"
"personname>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/copyright
#: article.translate.xml:10
msgid "<year>2008</year> <holder>The FreeBSD Documentation Project</holder>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: info/pubdate
#. (itstool) path: info/releaseinfo
#: article.translate.xml:15 article.translate.xml:17
msgid ""
"$FreeBSD: head/en_US.ISO8859-1/articles/linux-users/article.xml 52142 2018-"
"08-16 16:43:18Z bcr $"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: article.translate.xml:20
msgid "FreeBSD is a registered trademark of the FreeBSD Foundation."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: article.translate.xml:22
msgid "Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: article.translate.xml:24
msgid ""
"Intel, Celeron, Centrino, Core, EtherExpress, i386, i486, Itanium, Pentium, "
"and Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its "
"subsidiaries in the United States and other countries."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: article.translate.xml:28
msgid ""
"Red Hat, RPM, are trademarks or registered trademarks of Red Hat, Inc. in "
"the United States and other countries."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: article.translate.xml:31
msgid ""
"UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and "
"other countries."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: legalnotice/para
#: article.translate.xml:33
msgid ""
"Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish "
"their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in "
"this document, and the FreeBSD Project was aware of the trademark claim, the "
"designations have been followed by the <quote>™</quote> or the <quote>®</"
"quote> symbol."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: abstract/para
#: article.translate.xml:42
msgid ""
"This document is intended to quickly familiarize intermediate to advanced "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> users with the basics of "
"FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:49
msgid "Introduction"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:51
msgid ""
"This document highlights some of the technical differences between FreeBSD "
"and <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> so that intermediate "
"to advanced <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> users can "
"quickly familiarize themselves with the basics of FreeBSD."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:56
msgid ""
"This document assumes that FreeBSD is already installed. Refer to the <link "
"xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/bsdinstall."
"html\"> Installing FreeBSD</link> chapter of the FreeBSD Handbook for help "
"with the installation process."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:63
msgid "Default Shell"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:65
msgid ""
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> users are often surprised "
"to find that <application>Bash</application> is not the default shell in "
"FreeBSD. In fact, <application>Bash</application> is not included in the "
"default installation. Instead, FreeBSD uses "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>tcsh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> as the default root shell, and the <application>Bourne shell</"
"application>-compatible <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> as the default user "
"shell. <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> is very similar to <application>Bash</application> "
"but with a much smaller feature-set. Generally shell scripts written for "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> will run in <application>Bash</application>, but the reverse "
"is not always true."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:77
msgid ""
"However, <application>Bash</application> and other shells are available for "
"installation using the FreeBSD <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/"
"en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports.html\">Packages and Ports Collection</"
"link>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:81
msgid ""
"After installing another shell, use <citerefentry><refentrytitle>chsh</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to change a user's "
"default shell. It is recommended that the <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> user's default shell remain unchanged since "
"shells which are not included in the base distribution are installed to "
"<filename>/usr/local/bin</filename>. In the event of a problem, the file "
"system where <filename>/usr/local/bin</filename> is located may not be "
"mounted. In this case, <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem> "
"would not have access to its default shell, preventing <systemitem class="
"\"username\">root</systemitem> from logging in and fixing the problem."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:93
msgid "Packages and Ports: Adding Software in FreeBSD"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:95
msgid ""
"FreeBSD provides two methods for installing applications: binary packages "
"and compiled ports. Each method has its own benefits:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title
#: article.translate.xml:100
msgid "Binary Packages"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/simpara
#: article.translate.xml:103
msgid "Faster installation as compared to compiling large applications."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/simpara
#: article.translate.xml:108
msgid "Does not require an understanding of how to compile software."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/simpara
#: article.translate.xml:113
msgid "No need to install a compiler."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: itemizedlist/title
#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: article.translate.xml:118 article.translate.xml:158
msgid "Ports"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/simpara
#: article.translate.xml:121
msgid "Ability to customize installation options."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/simpara
#: article.translate.xml:125
msgid "Custom patches can be applied."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: para/buildtarget
#: article.translate.xml:134
msgid "package"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:129
msgid ""
"If an application installation does not require any customization, "
"installing the package is sufficient. Compile the port instead whenever an "
"application requires customization of the default options. If needed, a "
"custom package can be compiled from ports using <command>make</command> <_:"
"buildtarget-1/>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:136
msgid ""
"A complete list of all available ports and packages can be found <link xlink:"
"href=\"https://www.freebsd.org/ports/master-index.html\">here</link>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/title
#: article.translate.xml:140
msgid "Packages"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:142
msgid ""
"Packages are pre-compiled applications, the FreeBSD equivalents of "
"<filename>.deb</filename> files on Debian/Ubuntu based systems and "
"<filename>.rpm</filename> files on Red Hat/Fedora based systems. Packages "
"are installed using <command>pkg</command>. For example, the following "
"command installs <application>Apache 2.4</application>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:150
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>pkg install <replaceable>apache24</"
"replaceable></userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:152
msgid ""
"For more information on packages refer to section 5.4 of the FreeBSD "
"Handbook: <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/"
"handbook/pkgng-intro.html\">Using pkgng for Binary Package Management</link>."
""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:160
msgid ""
"The FreeBSD Ports Collection is a framework of <filename>Makefiles</"
"filename> and patches specifically customized for installing applications "
"from source on FreeBSD. When installing a port, the system will fetch the "
"source code, apply any required patches, compile the code, and install the "
"application and any required dependencies."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:167
msgid ""
"The Ports Collection, sometimes referred to as the ports tree, can be "
"installed to <filename>/usr/ports</filename> using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>portsnap</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. Detailed instructions for installing the Ports "
"Collection can be found in <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US."
"ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using.html\">section 5.5</link> of the "
"FreeBSD Handbook."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:173
msgid ""
"To compile a port, change to the port's directory and start the build "
"process. The following example installs <application>Apache 2.4</"
"application> from the Ports Collection:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:178
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/apache24</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make install clean</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:181
msgid ""
"A benefit of using ports to install software is the ability to customize the "
"installation options. This example specifies that the <application>mod_ldap</"
"application> module should also be installed:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/screen
#: article.translate.xml:186
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>cd /usr/ports/www/apache24</userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>make WITH_LDAP=\"YES\" install clean</"
"userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect2/para
#: article.translate.xml:189
msgid ""
"Refer to <link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/"
"handbook/ports-using.html\">Using the Ports Collection</link> for more "
"information."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:195
msgid "System Startup"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:197
msgid ""
"Many <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> distributions use the "
"SysV init system, whereas FreeBSD uses the traditional BSD-style "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. Under the BSD-style <citerefentry><refentrytitle>init</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, there are no run-"
"levels and <filename>/etc/inittab</filename> does not exist. Instead, "
"startup is controlled by <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> scripts. At system "
"boot, <filename>/etc/rc</filename> reads <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> "
"and <filename>/etc/defaults/rc.conf</filename> to determine which services "
"are to be started. The specified services are then started by running the "
"corresponding service initialization scripts located in <filename>/etc/rc.d/"
"</filename> and <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/</filename>. These scripts are "
"similar to the scripts located in <filename>/etc/init.d/</filename> on "
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> systems."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:213
msgid ""
"The scripts found in <filename>/etc/rc.d/</filename> are for applications "
"that are part of the <quote>base</quote> system, such as "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>, and "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>. The scripts in <filename>/usr/local/etc/rc.d/</filename> are "
"for user-installed applications such as <application>Apache</application> "
"and <application>Squid</application>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:221
msgid ""
"Since FreeBSD is developed as a complete operating system, user-installed "
"applications are not considered to be part of the <quote>base</quote> system."
" User-installed applications are generally installed using <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ports-using."
"html\">Packages or Ports</link>. In order to keep them separate from the "
"base system, user-installed applications are installed under <filename>/usr/"
"local/</filename>. Therefore, user-installed binaries reside in <filename>/"
"usr/local/bin/</filename>, configuration files are in <filename>/usr/local/"
"etc/</filename>, and so on."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:232
msgid ""
"Services are enabled by adding an entry for the service in <filename>/etc/rc."
"conf</filename> . The system defaults are found in <filename>/etc/defaults/"
"rc.conf</filename> and these default settings are overridden by settings in "
"<filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>. Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>rc."
"conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more "
"information about the available entries. When installing additional "
"applications, review the application's install message to determine how to "
"enable any associated services."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:242
msgid ""
"The following entries in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> enable "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sshd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>, enable <application>Apache 2.4</application>, and specify "
"that <application>Apache</application> should be started with <acronym>SSL</"
"acronym>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:248
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"# enable SSHD\n"
"sshd_enable=\"YES\"\n"
"# enable Apache with SSL\n"
"apache24_enable=\"YES\"\n"
"apache24_flags=\"-DSSL\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:254
msgid ""
"Once a service has been enabled in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>, it can "
"be started without rebooting the system:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: article.translate.xml:258
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service <replaceable>sshd</replaceable> start</"
"userinput>\n"
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service <replaceable>apache24</replaceable> "
"start</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:261
msgid ""
"If a service has not been enabled, it can be started from the command line "
"using <option>onestart</option>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: article.translate.xml:264
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>service <replaceable>sshd</replaceable> "
"onestart</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:268
msgid "Network Configuration"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:270
msgid ""
"Instead of a generic <emphasis>ethX</emphasis> identifier that <trademark "
"class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> uses to identify a network interface, "
"FreeBSD uses the driver name followed by a number. The following output from "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> shows two <trademark class=\"registered\">Intel</"
"trademark> Pro 1000 network interfaces (<filename>em0</filename> and "
"<filename>em1</filename>):"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: article.translate.xml:277
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>ifconfig</userinput>\n"
"em0: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500\n"
"        options=b&lt;RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU&gt;\n"
"        inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 10.10.10.255\n"
"        ether 00:50:56:a7:70:b2\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX &lt;full-duplex&gt;)\n"
"        status: active\n"
"em1: flags=8843&lt;UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST&gt; mtu 1500\n"
"        options=b&lt;RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_MTU&gt;\n"
"        inet 192.168.10.222 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255\n"
"        ether 00:50:56:a7:03:2b\n"
"        media: Ethernet autoselect (1000baseTX &lt;full-duplex&gt;)\n"
"        status: active"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:291
msgid ""
"An <acronym>IP</acronym> address can be assigned to an interface using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>ifconfig</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry>. To remain persistent across reboots, the "
"<acronym>IP</acronym> configuration must be included in <filename>/etc/rc."
"conf</filename>. The following <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename> entries "
"specify the hostname, <acronym>IP</acronym> address, and default gateway:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:298
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"inet 10.10.10.100 netmask 255.255.255.0\"\n"
"defaultrouter=\"10.10.10.1\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:302
msgid ""
"Use the following entries to instead configure an interface for "
"<acronym>DHCP</acronym>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:305
#, no-wrap
msgid "hostname=\"server1.example.com\"\n"
"ifconfig_em0=\"DHCP\""
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:310
msgid "Firewall"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:312
msgid ""
"FreeBSD does not use <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> "
"<application>IPTABLES</application> for its firewall. Instead, FreeBSD "
"offers a choice of three kernel level firewalls:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/simpara
#: article.translate.xml:318
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
"firewalls-pf.html\">PF</link>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/simpara
#: article.translate.xml:321
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
"firewalls-ipf.html\">IPFILTER</link>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: listitem/simpara
#: article.translate.xml:324
msgid ""
"<link xlink:href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/"
"firewalls-ipfw.html\">IPFW</link>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:328
msgid ""
"<application>PF</application> is developed by the OpenBSD project and ported "
"to FreeBSD. <application>PF</application> was created as a replacement for "
"<application>IPFILTER</application> and its syntax is similar to that of "
"<application>IPFILTER</application>. <application>PF</application> can be "
"paired with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>altq</refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to provide <acronym>QoS</acronym> features."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:336
msgid ""
"This sample <application>PF</application> entry allows inbound "
"<application>SSH</application>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:339
#, no-wrap
msgid "pass in on $ext_if inet proto tcp from any to ($ext_if) port 22"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:341
msgid ""
"<application>IPFILTER</application> is the firewall application developed by "
"Darren Reed. It is not specific to FreeBSD and has been ported to several "
"operating systems including NetBSD, OpenBSD, SunOS, HP/UX, and Solaris."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:346
msgid ""
"The <application>IPFILTER</application> syntax to allow inbound "
"<application>SSH</application> is:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:349
#, no-wrap
msgid "pass in on $ext_if proto tcp from any to any port = 22"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:351
msgid ""
"<application>IPFW</application> is the firewall developed and maintained by "
"FreeBSD. It can be paired with <citerefentry><refentrytitle>dummynet</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>4</manvolnum></citerefentry> to provide traffic "
"shaping capabilities and simulate different types of network connections."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:356
msgid ""
"The <application>IPFW</application> syntax to allow inbound "
"<application>SSH</application> would be:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:359
#, no-wrap
msgid "ipfw add allow tcp from any to me 22 in via $ext_if"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:363
msgid "Updating FreeBSD"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:365
msgid ""
"There are two methods for updating a FreeBSD system: from source or binary "
"updates."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:368
msgid ""
"Updating from source is the most involved update method, but offers the "
"greatest amount of flexibility. The process involves synchronizing a local "
"copy of the FreeBSD source code with the FreeBSD <application>Subversion</"
"application> servers. Once the local source code is up-to-date, a new "
"version of the kernel and userland can be compiled."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:375
msgid ""
"Binary updates are similar to using <command>yum</command> or <command>apt-"
"get</command> to update a <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> "
"system. In FreeBSD, <citerefentry><refentrytitle>freebsd-update</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> can be used fetch new "
"binary updates and install them. These updates can be scheduled using "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry>."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/para
#: article.translate.xml:382
msgid ""
"When using <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cron</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</"
"manvolnum></citerefentry> to schedule updates, use <command>freebsd-update "
"cron</command> in the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crontab</"
"refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry> to reduce the "
"possibility of a large number of machines all pulling updates at the same "
"time:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: note/programlisting
#: article.translate.xml:387
#, no-wrap
msgid "0 3 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:390
msgid ""
"For more information on source and binary updates, refer to <link xlink:href="
"\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/updating-upgrading."
"html\">the chapter on updating</link> in the FreeBSD Handbook."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:396
msgid "procfs: Gone But Not Forgotten"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:398
msgid ""
"In some <trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> distributions, one "
"could look at <filename>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward</filename> to "
"determine if <acronym>IP</acronym> forwarding is enabled. In FreeBSD, "
"<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sysctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></"
"citerefentry> is instead used to view this and other system settings."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:404
msgid ""
"For example, use the following to determine if <acronym>IP</acronym> "
"forwarding is enabled on a FreeBSD system:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: article.translate.xml:408
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>sysctl net.inet.ip.forwarding</userinput>\n"
"net.inet.ip.forwarding: 0"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:411
msgid "Use <option>-a</option> to list all the system settings:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: article.translate.xml:414
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>%</prompt> <userinput>sysctl -a | more</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:416
msgid ""
"If an application requires procfs, add the following entry to <filename>/etc/"
"fstab</filename>:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: article.translate.xml:419
#, no-wrap
msgid "proc                /proc           procfs  rw,noauto       0       0"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:421
msgid ""
"Including <option>noauto</option> will prevent <filename>/proc</filename> "
"from being automatically mounted at boot."
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:425
msgid "To mount the file system without rebooting:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/screen
#: article.translate.xml:427
#, no-wrap
msgid "<prompt>#</prompt> <userinput>mount /proc</userinput>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:431
msgid "Common Commands"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:433
msgid "Some common command equivalents are as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:439
msgid ""
"<trademark class=\"registered\">Linux</trademark> command (Red Hat/Debian)"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:440
msgid "FreeBSD equivalent"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:441
msgid "Purpose"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:447
msgid ""
"<command>yum install <replaceable>package</replaceable></command> / "
"<command>apt-get install <replaceable>package</replaceable></command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:451
msgid "<command>pkg install <replaceable>package</replaceable></command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:453
msgid "Install package from remote repository"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:457
msgid ""
"<command>rpm -ivh <replaceable>package</replaceable></command> / "
"<command>dpkg -i <replaceable>package</replaceable></command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:461
msgid "<command>pkg add <replaceable>package</replaceable></command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:463
msgid "Install local package"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:467
msgid "<command>rpm -qa</command> / <command>dpkg -l</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:469
msgid "<command>pkg info</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:470
msgid "List installed packages"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:474
msgid "<command>lspci</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:475
msgid "<command>pciconf</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:476
msgid "List <acronym>PCI</acronym> devices"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:480
msgid "<command>lsmod</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:481
msgid "<command>kldstat</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:482
msgid "List loaded kernel modules"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:486
msgid "<command>modprobe</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:487
msgid "<command>kldload</command> / <command>kldunload</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:489
msgid "Load/Unload kernel modules"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:493
msgid "<command>strace</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:494
msgid "<command>truss</command>"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: row/entry
#: article.translate.xml:495
msgid "Trace system calls"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/title
#: article.translate.xml:503
msgid "Conclusion"
msgstr ""

#. (itstool) path: sect1/para
#: article.translate.xml:505
msgid ""
"This document has provided an overview of FreeBSD. Refer to the <link xlink:"
"href=\"@@URL_RELPREFIX@@/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index."
"html\">FreeBSD Handbook</link> for more in-depth coverage of these topics as "
"well as the many topics not covered by this document."
msgstr ""